Organic Chemistry is the study of Carbon Compounds. Carbon forms multiple covalent bonds. Carbon compounds can form chains, rings, or branches. There are less than 100,000 non-organic compounds. Organic compounds number more than 17,000,000. The simplest organic compounds are made of carbon and hydrogen.
Carbons must always have 4 bonds.
Saturated compounds have no double or triple bonds. Compounds with only single bonds are called Alkanes and always end in -ane.
Nomenclature:
There are 3 categories of Organic compounds.
- Straight chains
- Cyclic Chains
- Aromatics
Straight Chains:
Rules for naming straight chain compounds:
1. Circle the longest continued chain and name this and the base chain.(meth,eth,prop)
2. Number the base chain so side chains have the lowest possible numbers.
3. Name each side chain using the -yl ending.
4. Give each side chain the appropriate number. (If there
is more than one identical side chain numbers/labels are slightly different.)
5. List side chains alphabetically.
EX:
Name The Alkane:
Draw The Structural Diagram for Hexane:
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