Chemical Nomenclature!

Chemical nomenclature are rules used when making names for chemical compounds. IUPAC, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, created and developed the nomenclature used most frequently worldwide. Their system of nomenclature names such chemicals as; ions, polyatomic ions, hydrates, molecular compounds, and acids and bases.


CHEMICAL FORMULAS
When writing chemical formulas be aware of the differences between ion and compound formulas.


ION FORMULAS
Zinc has a 2+ beside it's chemical symbol; we call this a zinc ion and the 2+ represents its ion charge. When writing an ion formula for a metal all you have to do is add the element's (metal) name in front of the word ion.


Examples:
An ion formula for sodium (Na+) would be: sodium ion

To name an ion formula for a non-metal add an -ide ending to the non-metal name and put it in front of the word ion.


Example:
Fluorine (F-) would be: fluoride ion

COMPOUND FORMULAS
When writing compound formulas take the chemical symbol of your first element and put it in front of the chemical symbol of your second element. Remember, if you are making an ionic compound put the chemical symbol of the metal first. When Barium and Chlorine make an ionic compound Chlorine will have a subscript of 2, this represents the number of Chlorine ions in the compound.

MULTIVALENT IONS
Some elements can form more than one ion charge (multivalent ion). An example of this is iron, which can have an ion charge of 3+ or 2+. When unsure of which charge to use, remember that the top number on the periodic table is the more common charge and should be used unless instructed not to. IUPAC uses roman numerals in parenthesis to show the charge. Classical (old) systems use latin names of elements and suffix -ic (the larger charge) or -ous (the smaller charge).

Some other Chemical names to remember are:


Ferr - Iron
Cupp - Copper
Mercur - Mercury
Stann - Tin
Aunn - Gold
Plumb - Lead
Wolf - Tungsten


COMPLEX IONS
Complex ions are large groups of atoms that stay together during a chemical reaction. Almost all complex ions are anions (negative ions).

Elements can even make compounds with polyatomic ions!

HYDRATES
Some compounds can form lattices that bond to water molecules.

To name hydrates, first write the name of the chemical formula. Then, add a prefix indicating the number of water molecules (mono=1, di=2, tri=3, etc.). Finally, add "hydrate" after the prefix.
Example:

Next class, we will learn how to name molecular compounds!